Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'The Birth of Tragedy', 'Explanation and Reference' and 'Testability and Meaning'

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8 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 1. Philosophy

7848	Philosophy begins in the horror and absurdity of existence [Nietzsche, by Ansell Pearson]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

10. Modality / B. Possibility / 8. Conditionals / c. Truth-function conditionals

14305

In the truth-functional account a burnt-up match was soluble because it never entered water [Carnap]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]