Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'The Causal Theory of Names', 'fragments/reports' and 'Moral Beliefs'

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19 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 6. Hopes for Philosophy
1749 If all laws were abolished, philosophers would still live as they do now [Aristippus elder]
5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names
9038 We must distinguish what the speaker denotes by a name, from what the name denotes [Evans]
5824 How can an expression be a name, if names can change their denotation? [Evans]
9042 A private intention won't give a name a denotation; the practice needs it to be made public [Evans]
5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / c. Names as referential
9041 The Causal Theory of Names is wrong, since the name 'Madagascar' actually changed denotation [Evans]
19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference
5825 Speakers intend to refer to items that are the source of their information [Evans]
5823 The intended referent of a name needs to be the cause of the speaker's information about it [Evans]
19. Language / B. Reference / 4. Descriptive Reference / b. Reference by description
9039 If descriptions are sufficient for reference, then I must accept a false reference if the descriptions fit [Evans]
19. Language / F. Communication / 5. Pragmatics / b. Implicature
9043 We use expressions 'deferentially', to conform to the use of other people [Evans]
19. Language / F. Communication / 6. Interpreting Language / c. Principle of charity
9040 Charity should minimize inexplicable error, rather than maximising true beliefs [Evans]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / e. Ethical cognitivism
23683 Moral norms are objective, connected to facts about human goods [Foot, by Hacker-Wright]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / h. Against ethics
3558 Only the Cyrenaics reject the idea of a final moral end [Aristippus elder, by Annas]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / b. Rational ethics
23684 Morality gives everyone reasons to act, irrespective of their desires [Foot, by Hacker-Wright]
23690 We all have reason to cultivate the virtues, even when we lack the desire [Foot, by Hacker-Wright]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 1. Goodness / b. Types of good
22379 The meaning of 'good' and other evaluations must include the object to which they attach [Foot]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 2. Happiness / d. Routes to happiness
5835 The road of freedom is the surest route to happiness [Aristippus elder, by Xenophon]
23. Ethics / A. Egoism / 3. Cyrenaic School
3018 People who object to extravagant pleasures just love money [Aristippus elder, by Diog. Laertius]
1751 Pleasure is the good, because we always seek it, it satisfies us, and its opposite is the most avoidable thing [Aristippus elder, by Diog. Laertius]
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / b. Retribution for crime
1755 Errors result from external influence, and should be corrected, not hated [Aristippus elder, by Diog. Laertius]