Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Reference and Contingency', 'Letter to Clerk Maxwell' and 'Preface to 'Principles of Philosophy''

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these texts

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7 ideas

1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 4. Metaphysics as Science

21962

Metaphysics is the roots of the tree of science [Descartes]

2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 4. Circularity

3659	I know the truth that God exists and is the author of truth [Descartes]

10. Modality / B. Possibility / 5. Contingency

14895

'Superficial' contingency: false in some world; 'Deep' contingency: no obvious verification [Evans, by Macià/Garcia-Carpentiro]

10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / b. Rigid designation

11881

Rigid designators can be meaningful even if empty [Evans, by Mackie,P]

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 1. Certainty

3657	Understanding, not the senses, gives certainty [Descartes]

27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 1. Mechanics / c. Forces

15313

By 'force' I mean the sources of all actions - sometimes called 'powers' by their outcomes [Breheny]

28. God / C. Attitudes to God / 5. Atheism

3660	Atheism arises from empiricism, because God is intangible [Descartes]