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All the ideas for 'works', 'Russell' and 'Modal Logic'

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29 ideas

1. Philosophy / B. History of Ideas / 5. Later European Thought
19635 Hegel produced modern optimism; he failed to grasp that consciousness never progresses [Hegel, by Cioran]
1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 4. Later European Philosophy / d. Nineteenth century philosophy
8215 Hegel was the last philosopher of the Book [Hegel, by Derrida]
1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 1. Nature of Metaphysics
16011 Hegel doesn't storm the heavens like the giants, but works his way up by syllogisms [Kierkegaard on Hegel]
1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 3. Metaphysical Systems
5433 For Hegel, things are incomplete, and contain external references in their own nature [Hegel, by Russell]
1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 7. Against Metaphysics
3301 On the continent it is generally believed that metaphysics died with Hegel [Benardete,JA on Hegel]
2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 2. Sufficient Reason
19661 Making sufficient reason an absolute devalues the principle of non-contradiction [Hegel, by Meillassoux]
2. Reason / C. Styles of Reason / 1. Dialectic
20952 Rather than in three stages, Hegel presented his dialectic as 'negation of the negation' [Hegel, by Bowie]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / b. System K
14970 Normal system K has five axioms and rules [Cresswell]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / c. System D
14971 D is valid on every serial frame, but not where there are dead ends [Cresswell]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / g. System S4
14972 S4 has 14 modalities, and always reduces to a maximum of three modal operators [Cresswell]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / h. System S5
14973 In S5 all the long complex modalities reduce to just three, and their negations [Cresswell]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 7. Barcan Formula
14976 Reject the Barcan if quantifiers are confined to worlds, and different things exist in other worlds [Cresswell]
5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 2. Logical Connectives / c. not
21777 Negation of negation doubles back into a self-relationship [Hegel, by Houlgate]
6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 6. Logicism / a. Early logicism
6408 Russell needed three extra axioms to reduce maths to logic: infinity, choice and reducibility [Grayling]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / c. Becoming
5645 The dialectical opposition of being and nothing is resolved in passing to the concept of becoming [Hegel, by Scruton]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 5. Reason for Existence
5646 Hegel gives an ontological proof of the existence of everything [Hegel, by Scruton]
7. Existence / E. Categories / 4. Category Realism
21755 For Hegel, categories shift their form in the course of history [Hegel, by Houlgate]
21754 Our concepts and categories disclose the world, because we are part of the world [Hegel, by Houlgate]
7. Existence / E. Categories / 5. Category Anti-Realism
22079 Hegel said Kant's fixed categories actually vary with culture and era [Hegel, by Houlgate]
8. Modes of Existence / A. Relations / 4. Formal Relations / a. Types of relation
14974 A relation is 'Euclidean' if aRb and aRc imply bRc [Cresswell]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 4. De re / De dicto modality
14975 A de dicto necessity is true in all worlds, but not necessarily of the same thing in each world [Cresswell]
12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 2. Self-Evidence
6414 Two propositions might seem self-evident, but contradict one another [Grayling]
12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 5. A Priori Synthetic
9225 Hegel reputedly claimed to know a priori that there are five planets [Hegel, by Field,H]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 1. Existentialism
21758 Humans have no fixed identity, but produce and reveal their shifting identity in history [Hegel, by Houlgate]
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / c. A unified people
20414 Hegel's Absolute Spirit is the union of human rational activity at a moment, and whatever that sustains [Hegel, by Eldridge]
24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 2. State Legitimacy / c. Social contract
3909 Society isn’t founded on a contract, since contracts presuppose a society [Hegel, by Scruton]
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 1. Nature
4347 When man wills the natural, it is no longer natural [Hegel]
28. God / B. Proving God / 2. Proofs of Reason / a. Ontological Proof
4188 Hegel's entire philosophy is nothing but a monstrous amplification of the ontological proof [Schopenhauer on Hegel]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 4. Christianity / a. Christianity
6686 Hegel said he was offering an encyclopaedic rationalisation of Christianity [Hegel, by Graham]