Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Lectures on the History of Philosophy', 'Improvement of Understanding' and 'On Referring'

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11 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 3. Philosophy Defined

21757

Philosophy is the conceptual essence of the shape of history [Hegel]

2. Reason / D. Definition / 2. Aims of Definition

16541

All the intrinsic properties of a thing should be deducible from its definition [Spinoza]

5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 1. Logical Form

8358	There are no rules for the exact logic of ordinary language, because that doesn't exist [Strawson,P]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 2. Descriptions / c. Theory of definite descriptions

6413	'The present King of France is bald' presupposes existence, rather than stating it [Strawson,P, by Grayling]

8354	Russell asks when 'The King of France is wise' would be a true assertion [Strawson,P]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / k. Explanations by essence

13073

To understand the properties we must know the essence, as with a circle [Spinoza]

19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 6. Meaning as Use

8356	The meaning of an expression or sentence is general directions for its use, to refer or to assert [Strawson,P]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / c. Social reference

10430

Reference is mainly a social phenomenon [Strawson,P, by Sainsbury]

19. Language / B. Reference / 4. Descriptive Reference / b. Reference by description

10448

If an expression can refer to anything, it may still instrinsically refer, but relative to a context [Bach on Strawson,P]

19. Language / B. Reference / 5. Speaker's Reference

8355	Expressions don't refer; people use expressions to refer [Strawson,P]

8357	If an utterance fails to refer then it is a pseudo-use, though a speaker may think they assert something [Strawson,P]