Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Lectures on the History of Philosophy', 'The Essence of Reference' and 'On the spiritual perfection of life'

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8 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 3. Philosophy Defined

21757

Philosophy is the conceptual essence of the shape of history [Hegel]

2. Reason / C. Styles of Reason / 1. Dialectic

22102

Arguing with opponents uncovers truths, and restrains falsehoods [Aquinas]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / e. Empty names

10429

It is best to say that a name designates iff there is something for it to designate [Sainsbury]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 2. Descriptions / b. Definite descriptions

10425

Definite descriptions may not be referring expressions, since they can fail to refer [Sainsbury]

10438

Definite descriptions are usually rigid in subject, but not in predicate, position [Sainsbury]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

10432

A new usage of a name could arise from a mistaken baptism of nothing [Sainsbury]

19. Language / B. Reference / 5. Speaker's Reference

10434

Even a quantifier like 'someone' can be used referentially [Sainsbury]

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 3. Natural Function

10431

Things are thought to have a function, even when they can't perform them [Sainsbury]