Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'On the Principles of Indiscernibles', 'Unity of Science as a Working Hypothesis' and 'Elements of Mathematical Logic'

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3 ideas

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 3. Many-Valued Logic

8942	Lukasiewicz's L3 logic has three truth-values, T, F and I (for 'indeterminate') [Lukasiewicz, by Fisher]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

28. God / B. Proving God / 2. Proofs of Reason / a. Ontological Proof

2116	The concept of an existing thing must contain more than the concept of a non-existing thing [Leibniz]