Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Exigency to Exist in Essences', 'On Referring' and 'Evidentialism'

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15 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 1. Logical Form

8358	There are no rules for the exact logic of ordinary language, because that doesn't exist [Strawson,P]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 2. Descriptions / c. Theory of definite descriptions

6413	'The present King of France is bald' presupposes existence, rather than stating it [Strawson,P, by Grayling]

8354	Russell asks when 'The King of France is wise' would be a true assertion [Strawson,P]

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 5. Reason for Existence

19400

Possibles demand existence, so as many of them as possible must actually exist [Leibniz]

19401

God's sufficient reason for choosing reality is in the fitness or perfection of possibilities [Leibniz]

10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / a. Possible worlds

19402

The actual universe is the richest composite of what is possible [Leibniz]

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 4. Belief / a. Beliefs

8808	Involuntary beliefs can still be evaluated [Feldman/Conee]

13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 3. Evidentialism / b. Evidentialism

8807	Evidentialism is the view that justification is determined by the quality of the evidence [Feldman/Conee]

8809	Beliefs should fit evidence, and if you ought to believe it, then you are justified [Feldman/Conee]

13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 3. Reliabilism / a. Reliable knowledge

8810	If someone rejects good criticism through arrogance, that is irrelevant to whether they have knowledge [Feldman/Conee]

19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 6. Meaning as Use

8356	The meaning of an expression or sentence is general directions for its use, to refer or to assert [Strawson,P]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / c. Social reference

10430

Reference is mainly a social phenomenon [Strawson,P, by Sainsbury]

19. Language / B. Reference / 4. Descriptive Reference / b. Reference by description

10448

If an expression can refer to anything, it may still instrinsically refer, but relative to a context [Bach on Strawson,P]

19. Language / B. Reference / 5. Speaker's Reference

8355	Expressions don't refer; people use expressions to refer [Strawson,P]

8357	If an utterance fails to refer then it is a pseudo-use, though a speaker may think they assert something [Strawson,P]