Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Identity', 'works' and 'Belief Truth and Knowledge'

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these texts

---

12 ideas

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / c. Counting procedure

16014

It is controversial whether only 'numerical identity' allows two things to be counted as one [Noonan]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 4. Four-Dimensionalism

16024

I could have died at five, but the summation of my adult stages could not [Noonan]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 5. Temporal Parts

16023

Stage theorists accept four-dimensionalism, but call each stage a whole object [Noonan]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 2. Defining Identity

16016

Identity definitions (such as self-identity, or the smallest equivalence relation) are usually circular [Noonan]

16017

Identity is usually defined as the equivalence relation satisfying Leibniz's Law [Noonan]

16015

Problems about identity can't even be formulated without the concept of identity [Noonan]

16020

Identity can only be characterised in a second-order language [Noonan]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 8. Leibniz's Law

16019

Leibniz's Law must be kept separate from the substitutivity principle [Noonan]

16018

Indiscernibility is basic to our understanding of identity and distinctness [Noonan]

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 7. Causal Perception

3900	Maybe experience is not essential to perception, but only to the causing of beliefs [Armstrong, by Scruton]

13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 3. Evidentialism / b. Evidentialism

6587	It is always wrong to believe things on insufficient evidence [Clifford]

13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 1. External Justification

4253	Externalism says knowledge involves a natural relation between the belief state and what makes it true [Armstrong]