Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Mathematical Methods in Philosophy', 'What is Art?' and 'Idea for a Universal History'

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21 ideas

2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 3. Pure Reason
21054 Reason enables the unbounded extension of our rules and intentions [Kant]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 9. Philosophical Logic
18739 Three stages of philosophical logic: syntactic (1905-55), possible worlds (1963-85), widening (1990-) [Horsten/Pettigrew]
5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 1. Logical Form
18741 Logical formalization makes concepts precise, and also shows their interrelation [Horsten/Pettigrew]
5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 1. Logical Models
18744 Models are sets with functions and relations, and truth built up from the components [Horsten/Pettigrew]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 1. Nature of Existence
18740 If 'exist' doesn't express a property, we can hardly ask for its essence [Horsten/Pettigrew]
10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / a. Possible worlds
18745 A Tarskian model can be seen as a possible state of affairs [Horsten/Pettigrew]
18747 The 'spheres model' was added to possible worlds, to cope with counterfactuals [Horsten/Pettigrew]
10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / b. Impossible worlds
18748 Epistemic logic introduced impossible worlds [Horsten/Pettigrew]
10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / e. Against possible worlds
18746 Possible worlds models contain sets of possible worlds; this is a large metaphysical commitment [Horsten/Pettigrew]
18750 Using possible worlds for knowledge and morality may be a step too far [Horsten/Pettigrew]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 2. Sources of Free Will
21053 The manifest will in the world of phenomena has to conform to the laws of nature [Kant]
21. Aesthetics / B. Nature of Art / 4. Art as Expression
8122 True works of art transmit completely new feelings [Tolstoy]
8121 Art is when one man uses external signs to hand on his feelings to another man [Tolstoy]
8124 The highest feelings of mankind can only be transmitted by art [Tolstoy]
21. Aesthetics / C. Artistic Issues / 4. Emotion in Art
8123 The purpose of art is to help mankind to evolve better, more socially beneficial feelings [Tolstoy]
21. Aesthetics / C. Artistic Issues / 7. Art and Morality
22710 People estimate art according to their moral values [Tolstoy]
8125 The upper classes put beauty first, and thus freed themselves from morality [Tolstoy]
8064 We separate the concept of beauty from goodness, unlike the ancients [Tolstoy]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / d. Liberal freedom
21055 Our aim is a constitution which combines maximum freedom with strong restraint [Kant]
21056 The vitality of business needs maximum freedom (while avoiding harm to others) [Kant]
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 1. Basis of justice
21057 The highest ideal of social progress is a universal cosmopolitan existence [Kant]