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All the ideas for 'Elements of Mathematical Logic', 'Knowledge' and 'Universal Arithmetick'

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3 ideas

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 3. Many-Valued Logic

8942	Lukasiewicz's L3 logic has three truth-values, T, F and I (for 'indeterminate') [Lukasiewicz, by Fisher]

6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 5. Definitions of Number / b. Greek arithmetic

17783

A number is not a multitude, but a unified ratio between quantities [Newton]

13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 3. Reliabilism / a. Reliable knowledge

19724

Belief is knowledge if it is true, certain, and obtained by a reliable process [Ramsey]