Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Elements of Mathematical Logic', 'Identity through Possible Worlds' and 'Causation'

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5 ideas

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 3. Many-Valued Logic

8942	Lukasiewicz's L3 logic has three truth-values, T, F and I (for 'indeterminate') [Lukasiewicz, by Fisher]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 14. Knowledge of Essences

11966

If there are essential properties, how do you find out what they are? [Chisholm]

10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / a. Transworld identity

11965

Could possible Adam gradually transform into Noah, and vice versa? [Chisholm]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / g. Causal explanations

8406	Not all explanations are causal, but if a thing can be explained at all, it can be explained causally [Sanford]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / c. Conditions of causation

8407	A totality of conditions necessary for an occurrence is usually held to be jointly sufficient for it [Sanford]