Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'The Case for Closure', 'Answer to 'What is Enlightenment?'' and 'Reference and Essence: seven appendices'

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7 ideas

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / g. Degrees of vagueness

14742

It can't be indeterminate whether x and y are identical; if x,y is indeterminate, then it isn't x,x [Salmon,N]

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 2. Common Sense Certainty

19553

Commitment to 'I have a hand' only makes sense in a context where it has been doubted [Hawthorne]

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / c. Knowledge closure

19551

How can we know the heavyweight implications of normal knowledge? Must we distort 'knowledge'? [Hawthorne]

19552

We wouldn't know the logical implications of our knowledge if small risks added up to big risks [Hawthorne]

19554

Denying closure is denying we know P when we know P and Q, which is absurd in simple cases [Hawthorne]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / a. Direct reference

18885

Kripke and Putnam made false claims that direct reference implies essentialism [Salmon,N]

25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 3. Free speech

21058

Enlightenment requires the free use of reason in the public realm [Kant]