Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Theory of Knowledge (2nd edn)', 'Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'' and 'Explanation and Reference'

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9 ideas

1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 4. Later European Philosophy / b. Seventeenth century philosophy

2945	Most philosophers start with reality and then examine knowledge; Descartes put the study of knowledge first [Lehrer]

1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 4. Conceptual Analysis

2946	You cannot demand an analysis of a concept without knowing the purpose of the analysis [Lehrer]

4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 1. Aristotelian Logic

23505

Aristotelian logic cannot express 'Everyone loves someone' [White,RM]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]