Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'In Defense of Essentialism', 'Philosophical Logic: Intro to Advanced Topics' and 'Contemporary Political Philosophy (2nd edn)'

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39 ideas

4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 1. Aristotelian Logic
13913 The four 'perfect syllogisms' are called Barbara, Celarent, Darii and Ferio [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
13914 Syllogistic logic has one rule: what is affirmed/denied of wholes is affirmed/denied of their parts [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 2. Syllogistic Logic
13915 Syllogistic can't handle sentences with singular terms, or relational terms, or compound sentences [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 3. Term Logic
13916 Term logic uses expression letters and brackets, and '-' for negative terms, and '+' for compound terms [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 4. Pure Logic
13850 In modern logic all formal validity can be characterised syntactically [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 6. Classical Logic
13849 Classical logic rests on truth and models, where constructivist logic rests on defence and refutation [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 4. Identity in Logic
13851 Unlike most other signs, = cannot be eliminated [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 5. Incompleteness
13852 Axioms are ω-incomplete if the instances are all derivable, but the universal quantification isn't [Engelbretsen/Sayward]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / e. Individuation by kind
14193 'Substance theorists' take modal properties as primitive, without structure, just falling under a sortal [Paul,LA]
14195 If an object's sort determines its properties, we need to ask what determines its sort [Paul,LA]
14196 Substance essentialism says an object is multiple, as falling under various different sortals [Paul,LA]
9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 8. Parts of Objects / b. Sums of parts
14198 Absolutely unrestricted qualitative composition would allow things with incompatible properties [Paul,LA]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 2. Types of Essence
14190 Deep essentialist objects have intrinsic properties that fix their nature; the shallow version makes it contextual [Paul,LA]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 6. Essence as Unifier
14191 Deep essentialists say essences constrain how things could change; modal profiles fix natures [Paul,LA]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 15. Against Essentialism
14192 Essentialism must deal with charges of arbitrariness, and failure to reduce de re modality [Paul,LA]
14197 An object's modal properties don't determine its possibilities [Paul,LA]
10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 2. Nature of Possible Worlds / a. Nature of possible worlds
14189 'Modal realists' believe in many concrete worlds, 'actualists' in just this world, 'ersatzists' in abstract other worlds [Paul,LA]
24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 4. Citizenship
23369 Some liberals thinks checks and balances are enough, without virtuous citizens [Kymlicka]
23370 Good citizens need civic virtues of loyalty, independence, diligence, respect, etc. [Kymlicka]
23373 Liberals accept that people need society, but Aristotelians must show that they need political activity [Kymlicka]
23375 Minimal liberal citizenship needs common civility, as well as mere non-interference [Kymlicka]
23376 Modern non-discrimination obliges modern citizens to treat each other as equals [Kymlicka]
23377 The right wing sees citizenship in terms of responsibility to earn a living, rather than rights [Kymlicka]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 5. Democracy / a. Nature of democracy
23371 Modern democratic theory focuses on talk, not votes, because we need consensus or compromise [Kymlicka]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / a. Liberalism basics
23390 In a liberal democracy all subjects of authority have a right to determine the authority [Kymlicka]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / b. Liberal individualism
23374 We have become attached to private life because that has become greatly enriched [Kymlicka]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / e. Liberal community
23387 Liberals must avoid an official culture, as well as an official religion [Kymlicka]
23388 Liberals need more than freedom; they must build a nation, through a language and institutions [Kymlicka]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / f. Multiculturalism
23380 Some individuals can gain citizenship as part of a group, rather than as mere individuals [Kymlicka]
23381 The status hierarchy is independent of the economic hierarchy [Kymlicka]
23383 Some multiculturalists defended the rights of cohesive minorities against liberal individualism [Kymlicka]
23384 'Culturalist' liberals say that even liberal individuals may need minority rights [Kymlicka]
23385 Multiculturalism may entail men dominating women in minority groups [Kymlicka]
23386 Liberals must prefer minority right which are freedoms, not restrictions [Kymlicka]
23389 Why shouldn't national minorities have their own right to nation-build? [Kymlicka]
23391 Multiculturalism is liberal if it challenges inequality, conservative if it emphasises common good [Kymlicka]
25. Social Practice / C. Rights / 1. Basis of Rights
23379 Rights are a part of nation-building, to build a common national identity and culture [Kymlicka]
23382 Rights derived from group membership are opposed to the idea of state citizenship [Kymlicka]
25. Social Practice / E. Policies / 3. Welfare provision
23378 The welfare state helps to integrate the working classes into a national culture [Kymlicka]