Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Probabilistic Causality' and 'Reference and Essence: seven appendices'

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4 ideas

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / g. Degrees of vagueness

14742

It can't be indeterminate whether x and y are identical; if x,y is indeterminate, then it isn't x,x [Salmon,N]

10. Modality / A. Necessity / 8. Transcendental Necessity

490	Everything happens by reason and necessity [Leucippus]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / a. Direct reference

18885

Kripke and Putnam made false claims that direct reference implies essentialism [Salmon,N]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / e. Probabilistic causation

8409	Probabilistic causal concepts are widely used in everyday life and in science [Salmon]