Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'works', 'Explanation and Reference' and 'Universal Arithmetick'

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8 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 5. Definitions of Number / b. Greek arithmetic

17783

A number is not a multitude, but a unified ratio between quantities [Newton]

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / b. Need for substance

10710

We accept substance, to avoid infinite backwards chains of meaning [Wittgenstein, by Potter]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]