Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'On Duties ('De Officiis')', 'Explanation and Reference' and 'Second Commentary on 'Isagoge''

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10 ideas

1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 1. Nature of Wisdom

21405

Cicero sees wisdom in terms of knowledge, but earlier Stoics saw it as moral [Cicero, by Long]

1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 2. Wise People

20871

Unfortunately we choose a way of life before we are old enough to think clearly [Cicero]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 5. Universals as Concepts

15035

If universals are not separate, we can isolate them by abstraction [Boethius, by Panaccio]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 3. Universalisability

6031	The essence of propriety is consistency [Cicero]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]