148 ideas
21979 | Wisdom emerges at the end of a process [Hegel] |
22766 | Philosophy is exploration of the rational [Hegel] |
16281 | Honesty requires philosophical theories we can commit to with our ordinary commonsense [Lewis] |
16288 | Analysis reduces primitives and makes understanding explicit (without adding new knowledge) [Lewis] |
22768 | Subjective and objective are not firmly opposed, but merge into one another [Hegel] |
9651 | Verisimilitude might be explained as being close to the possible world where the truth is exact [Lewis] |
15731 | Quantification sometimes commits to 'sets', but sometimes just to pluralities (or 'classes') [Lewis] |
10470 | There are only two kinds: sets, and possibilia (actual and possible particulars) [Lewis, by Oliver] |
22772 | Personality overcomes subjective limitations and posits Dasein as its own [Hegel] |
9650 | Supervenience concerns whether things could differ, so it is a modal notion [Lewis] |
8909 | Abstractions may well be verbal fictions, in which we ignore some features of an object [Lewis] |
9057 | Vagueness is semantic indecision: we haven't settled quite what our words are meant to express [Lewis] |
9671 | Whether or not France is hexagonal depends on your standards of precision [Lewis] |
15751 | Surely 'slept in by Washington' is a property of some bed? [Lewis] |
15735 | Properties don't have degree; they are determinate, and things have varying relations to them [Lewis] |
9656 | The 'abundant' properties are just any bizarre property you fancy [Lewis] |
15737 | To be a 'property' is to suit a theoretical role [Lewis] |
15742 | A disjunctive property can be unnatural, but intrinsic if its disjuncts are intrinsic [Lewis] |
15397 | If a global intrinsic never varies between possible duplicates, all necessary properties are intrinsic [Cameron on Lewis] |
15398 | Global intrinsic may make necessarily coextensive properties both intrinsic or both extrinsic [Cameron on Lewis] |
15741 | All of the natural properties are included among the intrinsic properties [Lewis] |
15752 | We might try defining the natural properties by a short list of them [Lewis] |
14996 | Natural properties give similarity, joint carving, intrinsicness, specificity, homogeneity... [Lewis] |
15744 | We can't define natural properties by resemblance, if they are used to explain resemblance [Lewis] |
15743 | Defining natural properties by means of laws of nature is potentially circular [Lewis] |
15740 | I don't take 'natural' properties to be fixed by the nature of one possible world [Lewis] |
16262 | Sparse properties rest either on universals, or on tropes, or on primitive naturalness [Lewis, by Maudlin] |
15739 | There is the property of belonging to a set, so abundant properties are as numerous as the sets [Lewis] |
10723 | A property is the set of its actual and possible instances [Lewis, by Oliver] |
15399 | The property of being F is identical with the set of objects, in all possible worlds, which are F [Lewis, by Cameron] |
15732 | Properties don't seem to be sets, because different properties can have the same set [Lewis] |
15733 | Accidentally coextensive properties come apart when we include their possible instances [Lewis] |
15734 | If a property is relative, such as being a father or son, then set membership seems relative too [Lewis] |
9655 | Trilateral and triangular seem to be coextensive sets in all possible worlds [Lewis] |
16290 | I believe in properties, which are sets of possible individuals [Lewis] |
9653 | It would be easiest to take a property as the set of its instances [Lewis] |
9657 | You must accept primitive similarity to like tropes, but tropes give a good account of it [Lewis] |
15750 | Tropes need a similarity primitive, so they cannot be used to explain similarity [Lewis] |
15749 | Trope theory (unlike universals) needs a primitive notion of being duplicates [Lewis] |
15748 | Trope theory needs a primitive notion for what unites some tropes [Lewis] |
15745 | Universals recur, are multiply located, wholly present, make things overlap, and are held in common [Lewis] |
15746 | If particles were just made of universals, similar particles would be the same particle [Lewis] |
15747 | Universals aren't parts of things, because that relationship is transitive, and universals need not be [Lewis] |
6019 | If someone squashed a horse to make a dog, something new would now exist [Mnesarchus] |
9667 | Mereological composition is unrestricted: any class of things has a mereological sum [Lewis] |
13268 | There are no restrictions on composition, because they would be vague, and composition can't be vague [Lewis, by Sider] |
13793 | An essential property is one possessed by all counterparts [Lewis, by Elder] |
9663 | A thing 'perdures' if it has separate temporal parts, and 'endures' if it is wholly present at different times [Lewis] |
14737 | Properties cannot be relations to times, if there are temporary properties which are intrinsic [Lewis, by Sider] |
9664 | Endurance is the wrong account, because things change intrinsic properties like shape [Lewis] |
9665 | There are three responses to the problem that intrinsic shapes do not endure [Lewis] |
19280 | I can ask questions which create a context in which origin ceases to be essential [Lewis] |
15968 | Identity is simple - absolutely everything is self-identical, and nothing is identical to another thing [Lewis] |
15969 | Two things can never be identical, so there is no problem [Lewis] |
9660 | The impossible can be imagined as long as it is a bit vague [Lewis] |
9669 | There are no free-floating possibilia; they have mates in a world, giving them extrinsic properties [Lewis] |
16133 | Possible worlds can contain contradictions if such worlds are seen as fictions [Lewis] |
16132 | On mountains or in worlds, reporting contradictions is contradictory, so no such truths can be reported [Lewis] |
16283 | For me, all worlds are equal, with each being actual relative to itself [Lewis] |
12255 | For Lewis there is no real possibility, since all possibilities are actual [Oderberg on Lewis] |
9219 | Lewis posits possible worlds just as Quine says that physics needs numbers and sets [Lewis, by Sider] |
15022 | If possible worlds really exist, then they are part of actuality [Sider on Lewis] |
10469 | A world is a maximal mereological sum of spatiotemporally interrelated things [Lewis] |
16441 | Lewis rejects actualism because he identifies properties with sets [Lewis, by Stalnaker] |
16282 | Ersatzers say we have one world, and abstract representations of how it might have been [Lewis] |
16284 | Ersatz worlds represent either through language, or by models, or magically [Lewis] |
16286 | Linguistic possible worlds need a complete supply of unique names for each thing [Lewis] |
16287 | Maximal consistency for a world seems a modal distinction, concerning what could be true together [Lewis] |
9662 | Linguistic possible worlds have problems of inconsistencies, no indiscernibles, and vocabulary [Lewis] |
7690 | If sets exist, then defining worlds as proposition sets implies an odd distinction between existing and actual [Jacquette on Lewis] |
14404 | The counterpart relation is sortal-relative, so objects need not be a certain way [Lewis, by Merricks] |
5440 | A counterpart in a possible world is sufficiently similar, and more similar than anything else [Lewis, by Mautner] |
5441 | Why should statements about what my 'counterpart' could have done interest me? [Mautner on Lewis] |
16291 | In counterpart theory 'Humphrey' doesn't name one being, but a mereological sum of many beings [Lewis] |
11903 | Extreme haecceitists could say I might have been a poached egg, but it is too remote to consider [Lewis, by Mackie,P] |
15129 | Haecceitism implies de re differences but qualitative identity [Lewis] |
9670 | Extreme haecceitism says you might possibly be a poached egg [Lewis] |
16279 | General causal theories of knowledge are refuted by mathematics [Lewis] |
22780 | It is a rejection of intellectual dignity to say that we cannot know the truth [Hegel] |
9661 | Induction is just reasonable methods of inferring the unobserved from the observed [Lewis] |
9652 | To just expect unexamined emeralds to be grue would be totally unreasonable [Lewis] |
9658 | An explanation tells us how an event was caused [Lewis] |
16280 | Often explanaton seeks fundamental laws, rather than causal histories [Lewis] |
16274 | If the well-ordering of a pack of cards was by shuffling, the explanation would make it more surprising [Lewis] |
22770 | A person is a being which is aware of its own self-directed and free subjectivity [Hegel] |
22788 | A human only become a somebody as a member of a social estate [Hegel] |
22792 | Individuals attain their right by discovering their self-consciousness in institutions [Hegel] |
21780 | A free will primarily wills its own freedoom [Hegel, by Houlgate] |
8901 | Abstraction is usually explained either by example, or conflation, or abstraction, or negatively [Lewis] |
8904 | The Way of Abstraction says an incomplete description of a concrete entity is the complete abstraction [Lewis] |
8938 | The Way of Example compares donkeys and numbers, but what is the difference, and what are numbers? [Lewis] |
8903 | Abstracta can be causal: sets can be causes or effects; there can be universal effects; events may be sets [Lewis] |
8902 | If abstractions are non-spatial, then both sets and universals seem to have locations [Lewis] |
8905 | If universals or tropes are parts of things, then abstraction picks out those parts [Lewis] |
8906 | If we can abstract the extrinsic relations and features of objects, abstraction isn't universals or tropes [Lewis] |
8907 | The abstract direction of a line is the equivalence class of it and all lines parallel to it [Lewis] |
8908 | For most sets, the concept of equivalence is too artificial to explain abstraction [Lewis] |
16289 | We can't account for an abstraction as 'from' something if the something doesn't exist [Lewis] |
16278 | A particular functional role is what gives content to a thought [Lewis] |
9654 | A proposition is a set of entire possible worlds which instantiate a particular property [Lewis] |
15736 | A proposition is the property of being a possible world where it holds true [Lewis] |
15738 | Propositions can't have syntactic structure if they are just sets of worlds [Lewis] |
22769 | The concept of the will is the free will which wills its freedom [Hegel] |
21787 | Evil enters a good will when we believe we are doing right, but allow no criticism of our choice [Hegel, by Houlgate] |
21786 | Conscience is the right of the self to know what is right and obligatory, and thus make them true [Hegel] |
22784 | Love is ethical life in its natural form [Hegel] |
8029 | You can't have a morality which is supplied by the individual, but is also genuinely universal [Hegel, by MacIntyre] |
22771 | Be a person, and respect other persons [Hegel] |
22051 | The categorical imperative lacks roots in a historical culture [Hegel, by Bowie] |
22781 | The categorical imperative is fine if you already have a set of moral principles [Hegel] |
22779 | The good is realised freedom [Hegel] |
22787 | The family is the first basis of the state, but estates are a necessary second [Hegel] |
22790 | We cannot assert rights which are unnatural [Hegel] |
22767 | I aim to portray the state as a rational entity [Hegel] |
22789 | Society draws people, and requires their work, making them wholly dependent on it [Hegel] |
22791 | The state is the march of God in the world [Hegel] |
22778 | Individuals can't leave the state, because they are natural citizens, and humans require a state [Hegel] |
22794 | A fully developed state is conscious and knows what it wills [Hegel] |
22799 | The people do not have the ability to know the general will [Hegel] |
22801 | The great man of the ages is the one who reveals and accomplishes the will of his time [Hegel] |
22796 | A constitution embodies a nation's rights and condition [Hegel] |
22777 | Individuals must dedicate themselves to the ethical whole, and give their lives when asked [Hegel] |
21791 | Social groups must focus on the state, which must in turn respect their inclusion and their will [Hegel] |
22795 | People can achieve respect for their state by insight into its essence [Hegel] |
21988 | In the 1840s Hegel seemed to defend society being right as it is, as a manifestation of Mind [Hegel, by Singer] |
22800 | Majority rule means obligations can be imposed on me [Hegel] |
21792 | The state should reflect all interests, and not just popular will, or a popular party [Hegel, by Houlgate] |
22797 | In modern states an individual's actions should be their choice [Hegel] |
21790 | Moral individuals become ethical when they see the social aspect of a matter [Hegel, by Houlgate] |
8030 | For Hegel, the moral life can only be led within a certain type of community [Hegel, by MacIntyre] |
22785 | Even educated women are unsuited to science, philosophy, art and government [Hegel] |
21789 | Slaves have no duties because they have no rights [Hegel] |
22776 | Slaves are partly responsible for their own condition [Hegel] |
21778 | True liberal freedom is to pursue something, while being free to cease the pursuit [Hegel, by Houlgate] |
21779 | People assume they are free, but the options available are not under their control [Hegel] |
22085 | Freedom requires us to submit to a family, or a corporation, or a state [Hegel, by Houlgate] |
22798 | Money is the best way to achieve just equality [Hegel] |
22783 | Rights imply duties, and duties imply rights [Hegel] |
21782 | Man has an absolute right to appropriate things [Hegel] |
22773 | Because only human beings can own property, everything else can become our property [Hegel] |
22774 | A community does not have the property-owning rights that a person has [Hegel] |
22775 | The owner of a thing is obviously the first person to freely take possession of it [Hegel] |
22802 | Wars add strength to a nation, and cure internal dissension [Hegel] |
22786 | Children need discipline, to break their self-will and eradicate sensuousness [Hegel] |
9659 | Causation is when at the closest world without the cause, there is no effect either [Lewis] |
9666 | It is quite implausible that the future is unreal, as that would terminate everything [Lewis] |
22782 | To have pagan beliefs and be a pagan are quite different [Hegel] |
22793 | Some religions lead to harsh servitude and the debasement of human beings [Hegel] |