Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'teachings', 'The Logical Syntax of Language' and 'Identity'

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12 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 1. Logical Consequence

13342

Carnap defined consequence by contradiction, but this is unintuitive and changes with substitution [Tarski on Carnap]

5. Theory of Logic / C. Ontology of Logic / 4. Logic by Convention

13251

Each person is free to build their own logic, just by specifying a syntax [Carnap]

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / c. Counting procedure

16014

It is controversial whether only 'numerical identity' allows two things to be counted as one [Noonan]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 4. Four-Dimensionalism

16024

I could have died at five, but the summation of my adult stages could not [Noonan]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 5. Temporal Parts

16023

Stage theorists accept four-dimensionalism, but call each stage a whole object [Noonan]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 2. Defining Identity

16015

Problems about identity can't even be formulated without the concept of identity [Noonan]

16017

Identity is usually defined as the equivalence relation satisfying Leibniz's Law [Noonan]

16016

Identity definitions (such as self-identity, or the smallest equivalence relation) are usually circular [Noonan]

16020

Identity can only be characterised in a second-order language [Noonan]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 8. Leibniz's Law

16018

Indiscernibility is basic to our understanding of identity and distinctness [Noonan]

16019

Leibniz's Law must be kept separate from the substitutivity principle [Noonan]

29. Religion / C. Spiritual Disciplines / 3. Buddhism

7607	Nagarjuna and others pronounced the world of experience to be an illusion [Nagarjuna, by Armstrong,K]