Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Reference and Essence (1st edn)', 'Homeostasis, Species and Higher Taxa' and 'Freedom and Reason'

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11 ideas

2. Reason / D. Definition / 11. Ostensive Definition
18889 Ostensive definitions needn't involve pointing, but must refer to something specific [Salmon,N]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / h. System S5
14627 S4, and therefore S5, are invalid for metaphysical modality [Salmon,N, by Williamson]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / a. Essence as necessary properties
18888 Essentialism says some properties must be possessed, if a thing is to exist [Salmon,N]
19. Language / B. Reference / 1. Reference theories
18886 Frege's 'sense' solves four tricky puzzles [Salmon,N]
19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / a. Direct reference
18887 The perfect case of direct reference is a variable which has been assigned a value [Salmon,N]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / i. Prescriptivism
22331 Moral statements are imperatives rather than the avowals of emotion - but universalisable [Hare, by Glock]
22484 Universalised prescriptivism could be seen as implying utilitarianism [Hare, by Foot]
23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 4. Categorical Imperative
6449 The categorical imperative leads to utilitarianism [Hare, by Nagel]
26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 4. Source of Kinds
15150 The properties of an electron can't be explained just as 'clustering' [Chakravartty on Boyd]
15149 Properties cluster together, either because of intrinsic relations, or because of an underlying process [Boyd, by Chakravartty]
26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds
18891 Nothing in the direct theory of reference blocks anti-essentialism; water structure might have been different [Salmon,N]