Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Isagoge ('Introduction')', 'Authority and the Individual' and 'Model Theory'

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27 ideas

2. Reason / D. Definition / 7. Contextual Definition
10476 The idea that groups of concepts could be 'implicitly defined' was abandoned [Hodges,W]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 5. First-Order Logic
10478 Since first-order languages are complete, |= and |- have the same meaning [Hodges,W]
5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 4. Semantic Consequence |=
10477 |= in model-theory means 'logical consequence' - it holds in all models [Hodges,W]
5. Theory of Logic / I. Semantics of Logic / 4. Satisfaction
10474 |= should be read as 'is a model for' or 'satisfies' [Hodges,W]
5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 1. Logical Models
10475 A 'structure' is an interpretation specifying objects and classes of quantification [Hodges,W]
10473 Model theory studies formal or natural language-interpretation using set-theory [Hodges,W]
10481 Models in model theory are structures, not sets of descriptions [Hodges,W]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 5. The Infinite / i. Cardinal infinity
10480 First-order logic can't discriminate between one infinite cardinal and another [Hodges,W]
8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 1. Universals
15034 Are genera and species real or conceptual? bodies or incorporeal? in sensibles or separate from them? [Porphyry]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / e. Human nature
23154 We divide mankind into friend and foe, and cooperate with one and compete with the other [Russell]
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / c. A unified people
23153 Gradually loyalty to a creed increased, which could even outweigh nationality [Russell]
23152 Increasingly war expands communities, and unifies them through fear [Russell]
23155 In early societies the leaders needed cohesion, but the rest just had to obey [Russell]
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 2. Population / b. State population
23156 The economic and political advantages of great size seem to have no upper limit [Russell]
24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 1. Purpose of a State
23157 Government has a negative purpose, to prevent trouble, and a positive aim of realising our desires [Russell]
24. Political Theory / C. Ruling a State / 2. Leaders / b. Monarchy
23151 A monarch is known to everyone in the group, and can thus unite large groups [Russell]
24. Political Theory / C. Ruling a State / 4. Changing the State / b. Devolution
23167 Power should be with smaller bodies, as long as it doesn't restrict central powers [Russell]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 2. Anarchism
23168 A state is essential, to control greedy or predatory impulses [Russell]
23163 In an anarchy universities, research, books, and even seaside holidays, would be impossible [Russell]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 5. Democracy / f. Against democracy
23166 In democracy we are more aware of being governed than of our tiny share in government [Russell]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 8. Socialism
23162 Managers are just as remote from workers under nationalisation as under capitalism [Russell]
23165 Socialists say economic justice needs some state control of industries, and of foreign trade [Russell]
23160 Being a slave of society is hardly better than being a slave of a despot [Russell]
25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 1. Slavery
23158 Slavery began the divorce between the work and the purposes of the worker [Russell]
25. Social Practice / B. Equalities / 1. Grounds of equality
23161 Slaves can be just as equal as free people [Russell]
25. Social Practice / B. Equalities / 4. Economic equality
23159 Scarce goods may be denied entirely, to avoid their unequal distribution [Russell]
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 1. Basis of justice
23164 Modern justice is seen as equality, apart from modest extra rewards for exceptional desert [Russell]