Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Rationality and Logic', 'On Multiplying Entities' and 'A Short History of Ethics'

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43 ideas

1. Philosophy / B. History of Ideas / 4. Early European Thought
8013 In the Reformation, morality became unconditional but irrational, individually autonomous, and secular [MacIntyre]
1. Philosophy / B. History of Ideas / 5. Later European Thought
8021 The Levellers and the Diggers mark a turning point in the history of morality [MacIntyre]
1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 6. Logical Analysis
11051 Frege's logical approach dominates the analytical tradition [Hanna]
1. Philosophy / G. Scientific Philosophy / 3. Scientism
11054 Scientism says most knowledge comes from the exact sciences [Hanna]
2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 6. Ockham's Razor
8207 The quest for simplicity drove scientists to posit new entities, such as molecules in gases [Quine]
8208 In arithmetic, ratios, negatives, irrationals and imaginaries were created in order to generalise [Quine]
2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 1. Fallacy
11070 'Denying the antecedent' fallacy: φ→ψ, ¬φ, so ¬ψ [Hanna]
11071 'Affirming the consequent' fallacy: φ→ψ, ψ, so φ [Hanna]
11088 We can list at least fourteen informal fallacies [Hanna]
2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 4. Circularity
11059 Circular arguments are formally valid, though informally inadmissible [Hanna]
2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 5. Fallacy of Composition
11089 Formally, composition and division fallacies occur in mereology [Hanna]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 4. Pure Logic
11058 Logic is explanatorily and ontologically dependent on rational animals [Hanna]
11072 Logic is personal and variable, but it has a universal core [Hanna]
5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 1. Logical Consequence
11061 Intensional consequence is based on the content of the concepts [Hanna]
6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 6. Logicism / d. Logicism critique
11063 Logicism struggles because there is no decent theory of analyticity [Hanna]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 4. Events / c. Reduction of events
8205 Explaining events just by bodies can't explain two events identical in space-time [Quine]
7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 5. Supervenience / b. Types of supervenience
11055 Supervenience can add covariation, upward dependence, and nomological connection [Hanna]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 2. Nature of Necessity
11083 A sentence is necessary if it is true in a set of worlds, and nonfalse in the other worlds [Hanna]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 5. Metaphysical Necessity
11086 Metaphysical necessity can be 'weak' (same as logical) and 'strong' (based on essences) [Hanna]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 6. Logical Necessity
11084 Logical necessity is truth in all logically possible worlds, because of laws and concepts [Hanna]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 7. Natural Necessity
11085 Nomological necessity is truth in all logically possible worlds with our laws [Hanna]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 11. Denial of Necessity
8206 Necessity could be just generalisation over classes, or (maybe) quantifying over possibilia [Quine]
12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 2. Intuition
11077 Intuition includes apriority, clarity, modality, authority, fallibility and no inferences [Hanna]
11080 Intuition is more like memory, imagination or understanding, than like perception [Hanna]
11078 Intuition is only outside the 'space of reasons' if all reasons are inferential [Hanna]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction
11053 Explanatory reduction is stronger than ontological reduction [Hanna]
15. Nature of Minds / A. Nature of Mind / 2. Psuche
8006 When Aristotle speaks of soul he means something like personality [MacIntyre]
15. Nature of Minds / C. Capacities of Minds / 2. Imagination
11081 Imagination grasps abstracta, generates images, and has its own correctness conditions [Hanna]
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 1. Thought
11082 Should we take the 'depictivist' or the 'descriptivist/propositionalist' view of mental imagery? [Hanna]
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 5. Rationality / a. Rationality
11067 Rational animals have a normative concept of necessity [Hanna]
11068 One tradition says talking is the essence of rationality; the other says the essence is logic [Hanna]
11047 Hegelian holistic rationality is the capacity to seek coherence [Hanna]
11048 Humean Instrumental rationality is the capacity to seek contingent truths [Hanna]
11046 Kantian principled rationality is recognition of a priori universal truths [Hanna]
18. Thought / B. Mechanics of Thought / 1. Psychology
11045 Most psychologists are now cognitivists [Hanna]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / j. Ethics by convention
8002 Sophists don't distinguish a person outside one social order from someone outside all order [MacIntyre]
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / b. Fact and value
8012 The value/fact logical gulf is misleading, because social facts involve values [MacIntyre]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 2. Happiness / b. Eudaimonia
8005 'Happiness' is a bad translation of 'eudaimonia', which includes both behaving and faring well [MacIntyre]
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / c. Justice
8001 'Dikaiosune' is justice, but also fairness and personal integrity [MacIntyre]
23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 2. Duty
8023 My duties depend on my identity, which depends on my social relations [MacIntyre]
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 3. Natural Values / a. Natural freedom
8022 I am naturally free if I am not tied to anyone by a contract [MacIntyre]
25. Social Practice / C. Rights / 1. Basis of Rights
8031 Fans of natural rights or laws can't agree on what the actual rights or laws are [MacIntyre]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 5. Bible
8008 The Bible is a story about God in which humans are incidental characters [MacIntyre]