Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Classical Cosmology (frags)', 'Introduction to Mathematical Logic' and 'Briefings on Existence'

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44 ideas

1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 5. Modern Philosophy / c. Modern philosophy mid-period
12330 In ontology, logic dominated language, until logic was mathematized [Badiou]
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 8. Humour
12318 The female body, when taken in its entirety, is the Phallus itself [Badiou]
1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 7. Against Metaphysics
12325 Philosophy has been relieved of physics, cosmology, politics, and now must give up ontology [Badiou]
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 4. Aims of Reason
12324 Consensus is the enemy of thought [Badiou]
4. Formal Logic / B. Propositional Logic PL / 1. Propositional Logic
17749 Post proved the consistency of propositional logic in 1921 [Walicki]
17765 Propositional language can only relate statements as the same or as different [Walicki]
4. Formal Logic / B. Propositional Logic PL / 3. Truth Tables
17764 Boolean connectives are interpreted as functions on the set {1,0} [Walicki]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 2. Mechanics of Set Theory / b. Terminology of ST
12337 There is 'transivity' iff membership ∈ also means inclusion ⊆ [Badiou]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 3. Types of Set / b. Empty (Null) Set
17752 The empty set is useful for defining sets by properties, when the members are not yet known [Walicki]
17753 The empty set avoids having to take special precautions in case members vanish [Walicki]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 4. Axioms for Sets / j. Axiom of Choice IX
12321 The axiom of choice must accept an indeterminate, indefinable, unconstructible set [Badiou]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 6. Ordering in Sets
17759 Ordinals play the central role in set theory, providing the model of well-ordering [Walicki]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 1. Overview of Logic
17741 To determine the patterns in logic, one must identify its 'building blocks' [Walicki]
12342 Topos theory explains the plurality of possible logics [Badiou]
5. Theory of Logic / C. Ontology of Logic / 1. Ontology of Logic
12341 Logic is a mathematical account of a universe of relations [Badiou]
5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 1. Logical Models
17747 A 'model' of a theory specifies interpreting a language in a domain to make all theorems true [Walicki]
5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 3. Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems
17748 The L-S Theorem says no theory (even of reals) says more than a natural number theory [Walicki]
5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 1. Axiomatisation
17763 Axiomatic systems are purely syntactic, and do not presuppose any interpretation [Walicki]
17761 A compact axiomatisation makes it possible to understand a field as a whole [Walicki]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / a. Numbers
12335 Numbers are for measuring and for calculating (and the two must be consistent) [Badiou]
12334 There is no single unified definition of number [Badiou]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / b. Types of number
12333 Each type of number has its own characteristic procedure of introduction [Badiou]
12322 Must we accept numbers as existing when they no longer consist of units? [Badiou]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / e. Ordinal numbers
17757 Members of ordinals are ordinals, and also subsets of ordinals [Walicki]
17758 Ordinals are transitive sets of transitive sets; or transitive sets totally ordered by inclusion [Walicki]
17755 Ordinals are the empty set, union with the singleton, and any arbitrary union of ordinals [Walicki]
17756 The union of finite ordinals is the first 'limit ordinal'; 2ω is the second... [Walicki]
17760 Two infinite ordinals can represent a single infinite cardinal [Walicki]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 5. The Infinite / g. Continuum Hypothesis
12327 The undecidability of the Continuum Hypothesis may have ruined or fragmented set theory [Badiou]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 3. Axioms for Geometry
17762 In non-Euclidean geometry, all Euclidean theorems are valid that avoid the fifth postulate [Walicki]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / f. Mathematical induction
17754 Inductive proof depends on the choice of the ordering [Walicki]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / c. Nominalist structuralism
12329 If mathematics is a logic of the possible, then questions of existence are not intrinsic to it [Badiou]
6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 1. Mathematical Platonism / a. For mathematical platonism
12328 Platonists like axioms and decisions, Aristotelians like definitions, possibilities and logic [Badiou]
6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 6. Logicism / d. Logicism critique
12331 Logic is definitional, but real mathematics is axiomatic [Badiou]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / a. Nature of Being
12340 There is no Being as a whole, because there is no set of all sets [Badiou]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / b. Being and existence
12323 Existence is Being itself, but only as our thought decides it [Badiou]
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / i. Deflating being
12332 The modern view of Being comes when we reject numbers as merely successions of One [Badiou]
12326 The primitive name of Being is the empty set; in a sense, only the empty set 'is' [Badiou]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 1. Ontologies
12320 Ontology is (and always has been) Cantorian mathematics [Badiou]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 2. Nature of Necessity
17742 Scotus based modality on semantic consistency, instead of on what the future could allow [Walicki]
19. Language / F. Communication / 3. Denial
12338 We must either assert or deny any single predicate of any single subject [Badiou]
25. Social Practice / E. Policies / 2. Religion in Society
12316 For Enlightenment philosophers, God was no longer involved in politics [Badiou]
27. Natural Reality / E. Cosmology / 1. Cosmology
5994 Is the cosmos open or closed, mechanical or teleological, alive or inanimate, and created or eternal? [Robinson,TM, by PG]
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 1. Religious Commitment / a. Religious Belief
12317 The God of religion results from an encounter, not from a proof [Badiou]