Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Necessary Existents', 'The Nature of Universals and Propositions' and 'works'

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these texts

---

4 ideas

8. Modes of Existence / B. Properties / 13. Tropes / a. Nature of tropes

8511	Stout first explicitly proposed that properties and relations are particulars [Stout,GF, by Campbell,K]

19. Language / D. Propositions / 3. Concrete Propositions

19216

Propositions (such as 'that dog is barking') only exist if their items exist [Williamson]

27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 2. Thermodynamics / b. Heat

20645

Heat is a state of vibration, not a substance [Joule]

20972

Joule showed that energy converts to heat, and heat to energy [Joule, by Papineau]