12 ideas
| 23326 | In the third century Stoicism died out, replaced by Platonism, with Aristotelian ethics [Frede,M] |
| 23335 | In late antiquity nearly all philosophers were monotheists [Frede,M] |
| 19426 | 'Nominal' definitions just list distinguishing characteristics [Leibniz] |
| 19424 | Knowledge needs clarity, distinctness, and adequacy, and it should be intuitive [Leibniz] |
| 23334 | For Christians man has free will by creation in God's image (as in Genesis) [Frede,M] |
| 23333 | The idea of free will achieved universal acceptance because of Christianity [Frede,M] |
| 23337 | The Stoics needed free will, to allow human choices in a divinely providential cosmos [Frede,M] |
| 19427 | True ideas represent what is possible; false ideas represent contradictions [Leibniz] |
| 19216 | Propositions (such as 'that dog is barking') only exist if their items exist [Williamson] |
| 23336 | There is no will for Plato or Aristotle, because actions come directly from perception of what is good [Frede,M] |
| 19425 | In the schools the Four Causes are just lumped together in a very obscure way [Leibniz] |
| 23313 | The Gnostic demiurge (creator) is deluded, and doesn't care about us [Frede,M] |