Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Necessary Existents', 'Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher' and 'Letters to Foucher'

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4 ideas

8. Modes of Existence / C. Powers and Dispositions / 4. Powers as Essence

13095

Essence is primitive force, or a law of change [Leibniz]

19. Language / D. Propositions / 3. Concrete Propositions

19216

Propositions (such as 'that dog is barking') only exist if their items exist [Williamson]

25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / b. Retribution for crime

1658	In early Greece the word for punishment was also the word for vengeance [Vlastos]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 9. General Causation / d. Causal necessity

2117	The connection in events enables us to successfully predict the future, so there must be a constant cause [Leibniz]