4 ideas
13639 | Quine says higher-order items are intensional, and lack a clearly defined identity relation [Quine, by Shapiro] |
21557 | Russell confused use and mention, and reduced classes to properties, not to language [Quine, by Lackey] |
19382 | Abstracta are abbreviated ways of talking; there are just substances, and truths about them [Leibniz] |
19216 | Propositions (such as 'that dog is barking') only exist if their items exist [Williamson] |