Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Whitehead and the Rise of Modern Logic', 'Rules for the Direction of the Mind' and 'Grounding, Transitivity and Contrastivity'

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8 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 7. Second-Order Logic

13639

Quine says higher-order items are intensional, and lack a clearly defined identity relation [Quine, by Shapiro]

6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 6. Logicism / b. Type theory

21557

Russell confused use and mention, and reduced classes to properties, not to language [Quine, by Lackey]

7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 1. Grounding / a. Nature of grounding

17304

As causation links across time, grounding links the world across levels [Schaffer,J]

17306

If ground is transitive and irreflexive, it has a strict partial ordering, giving structure [Schaffer,J]

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 1. Certainty

9807	In pursuing truth, anything less certain than mathematics is a waste of time [Descartes]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / b. Contrastive explanations

17308

Explaining 'Adam ate the apple' depends on emphasis, and thus implies a contrast [Schaffer,J]

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 1. Nature

17305

I take what is fundamental to be the whole spatiotemporal manifold and its fields [Schaffer,J]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 1. Causation

17307

Nowadays causation is usually understood in terms of equations and variable ranges [Schaffer,J]