16 ideas
22002 | Wolff's version of Leibniz dominated mid-18th C German thought [Pinkard] |
22021 | Romantics explored beautiful subjectivity, and the re-enchantment of nature [Pinkard] |
22010 | The combination of Kant and the French Revolution was an excited focus for German philosophy [Pinkard] |
22036 | In Hegel's time naturalism was called 'Spinozism' [Pinkard] |
10282 | Logic is the study of sound argument, or of certain artificial languages (or applying the latter to the former) [Hodges,W] |
10283 | A formula needs an 'interpretation' of its constants, and a 'valuation' of its variables [Hodges,W] |
10284 | There are three different standard presentations of semantics [Hodges,W] |
10285 | I |= φ means that the formula φ is true in the interpretation I [Hodges,W] |
10288 | Down Löwenheim-Skolem: if a countable language has a consistent theory, that has a countable model [Hodges,W] |
10289 | Up Löwenheim-Skolem: if infinite models, then arbitrarily large models [Hodges,W] |
10287 | If a first-order theory entails a sentence, there is a finite subset of the theory which entails it [Hodges,W] |
10286 | A 'set' is a mathematically well-behaved class [Hodges,W] |
8203 | All the arithmetical entities can be reduced to classes of integers, and hence to sets [Quine] |
22048 | Idealism is the link between reason and freedom [Pinkard] |
8202 | Meaning is essence divorced from things and wedded to words [Quine] |
8201 | The distinction between meaning and further information is as vague as the essence/accident distinction [Quine] |