Full Idea
Philosophers agree that some expressions refer, but disagree over which ones. Few include indefinite descriptions, but some include definite descriptions, or only demonstrative descriptions. Some like proper names, some only indexicals and demonstratives.
Gist of Idea
What refers: indefinite or definite or demonstrative descriptions, names, indexicals, demonstratives?
Source
Kent Bach (What Does It Take to Refer? [2006], Intro)
Book Reference
'Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Language', ed/tr. Lepore,E/Smith,B [OUP 2008], p.517
A Reaction
My initial prejudice is rather Strawsonian - that people refer, not language, and it can be done in all sorts of ways. But Bach argues well that only language intrinsically does it. Even pointing fails without linguistic support.