Full Idea
We need to distinguish 1) what is asserted, 2) that assertion, 3) asserting something, 4) what is predicated, 5) what is uttered, 6) that utterance, 7) uttering something, 8) the utterance token, and 9) the meaning.
Gist of Idea
We can pull apart assertion from utterance, and the action, the event and the subject-matter for each
Source
Richard Cartwright (Propositions [1962], 05-06)
Book Reference
Cartwright,Richard: 'Philosophical Essays' [MIT 1987], p.36
A Reaction
[summary of his overall analysis in the paper] It is amazingly hard to offer a critical assessment of this sort of analysis, but it gives you a foot in the door for thinking about the issues with increasing clarity.