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21. Aesthetics / C. Artistic Issues / 2. Copies of Art

[relative nature and value of copies of artworks]

4 ideas
Mere copies of pictures are not significant - unless the copies are very exact [Bell,C]
     Full Idea: A literal copy is seldom reckoned even by its owner a work of art. Its forms are not significant. Yet if it were an absolutely exact copy, clearly it would be as moving as the original, and a photographic reproduction of a drawing often is.
     From: Clive Bell (Art [1913], I.III)
     A reaction: What if the original artist made the copy? In 1913, Bell begins to spot this modern problem. He undermines his own theory of significant form here, if the form only becomes significant once we have checked it is an original.
A copy only becomes an 'instance' of an artwork if there is a system of notation [Goodman]
     Full Idea: Paintings and sculptures do not work within a notation; hence, there is no copying of an original that would preserve its originality. A copy of a painting is a copy, not an instance of the original.
     From: Nelson Goodman (Languages of Art (2nd edn) [1968], p.212), quoted by Alessandro Giovannelli - Nelson Goodman (aesthetics) 2
     A reaction: Sounds conclusive, but isn't. Is a poetry manuscript a 'notation' or an original? Why is an etching plate a notation, but painting on canvas is an original? Can I create a painting specifically so that it can be copied (by my students)? Intention matters.
If we could perfectly clone the Mona Lisa, the original would still be special [Davies,S]
     Full Idea: If we could duplicate 'Mona Lisa', we're likely to be concerned to track the original and keep it separate from its clones, even if we judge that the clone isn't inferior to the original when the goal is art appreciation.
     From: Stephen Davies (The Philosophy of Art (2nd ed) [2016], 4.3)
     A reaction: But why? Is it just a sentimental attachment to what Leonardo worked on? Does the original manuscript of a work of literature have the same importance? We treasure such things, but not for aesthetic reasons.
Art that is multiply instanced may require at least one instance [Davies,S]
     Full Idea: Some multiply instanced artworks, such as novel and poems, must have at least one instance.
     From: Stephen Davies (The Philosophy of Art (2nd ed) [2016], 4.4)
     A reaction: This is a comment on the idea that all artworks, even oil paintings and buildings are potentially multiply instanced (so the work is the type - Wollheim's view, not one of the tokens).